Granulation granule pdf wet

I claim: 1. A wet granulation method for granulating a feedstock into granules, comprising the steps of:.

The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said moisture content is between about 1. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said feedstock is selected from the group comprising of sodium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and sulfur. The method as set fourth in claim 1 , further including the step of adding an oil to formed first granules for dust control prior to further processing.

The method as set forth in claim 9 , wherein said oil comprises an oil selected from the group consisting of canola oil, vegetable oil, mineral oil. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said binder is dry, said pre-moistened mixture deriving moisture content from the addition of water. USB1 en. EPA1 en. JPA en. KRA en. CNC en. AUB2 en. BGA en. BRA en. CAC en. EAB1 en. HRPB1 en. HUA3 en. IDA en. ILD0 en. MXPAA en. NOL en. NZA en. PLA1 en. SIA en. SKA3 en. TRT2 en. WOA1 en.

YUA en. USB2 en. Water-dispersible particles formed with granules embedded in crystallized matrix. Phosphate fertilizer with finely ground elemental sulfur, swelling agent and rock phosphate.

NLC2 en. USA en. Method of making sulfur-coated fertilizer pellet having a controlled dissolution rate. Method of producing ammonium sulfate,potassium sulfate and magnesium oxide from langbeinite. Production of potassium chloride,potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate from brines and the like containing potassium,chloride and sulfate. Prilling process for the manufacture of granules of materials adapted for fertilizers or other uses. Process for the production of anhydrous potassium magnesium sulfate material with low hygroscopicity from hydrated potassium magnesium sulfate material.

USTI4 en. Method of producing potassium sulphate from alkali metal sulphates or their mixtures with carbonates. GBA en. Method of treating converted potassium sulfate for reducing a small amount of chlorine contained therein. Process for the purification of solutions containing a sodium or potassium carbonate, sulphate, and possibly hydroxide, and at least one of the metals vanadium, uranium and molybdenum.

Process for the manufacture of potassium sulphate by treating solutions containing magnesium chloride and potassium chloride. Method for the production of potassium sulfate using sulfuric acid and potassium chloride. Process for producing granulated potassium sulphate and potassium magnesium sulphates, and the granulates obtained thereby. Process for the production of potassium sulfate from potassium chloride by means of ion exchangers.

Method and apparatus for producing high-strength grannular particulates from low-strength prills. USHH en. Process for manufacturing ethanol and for recovering glycerol, succinic acid, lactic acid, betaine, potassium sulfate, and free flowing distiller's dry grain and solubles or a solid fertilizer therefrom. Production of granular ammonium sulphate using stripped zinc electrolyte as a granulating aid.

CAA1 en. Sulfur-based chemical soil-corrective in the form of pellets for agricultural use. Process for reduction of sulfur dioxide emission from combustion gases combined with production of potassium sulfate. Process for manufacturing a fertiliser in the form of granules composed of organic raw materials, and plant for carrying out the process.

EAA1 en. CNA en. HRPA2 en. AUA en. NOD0 en. HUA2 en. CAA en. EPB1 en. WOA2 en. Table 3 Granulation parameters 2. Three regime granulation profile. The extent of the second regime in terms of liquid to Fig. The larger this regime, the easier it is to 2. Regime II, in which the proportion of granules having a control granulation.

This is the regime of controlled The impeller speed changes the extent of the second granulation Fig. Regime III, in which the proportion of large granules It is found that the increase of impeller speed leads to: increases rapidly and there is uncontrolled granule growth, at a point close to overwetting Fig. However, the transition points between the different the optimum point of granulation. Thus, if we only consider the macroscopic aspects of granulation, two To conclude, a high impeller speed is necessary to have a important parameters emerge from these observations.

The liquid to solid ratio required to reach the second 3. Shear effect on granule characteristics regime. The less this is, the less liquid is required to obtain a controlled granulation. This parameter is very This section presents the influence of impeller speed on important because it can lead to a reduction of dry granule characteristics. The mass size distribution of granulation time and the amount of binder used. Influence of shear on mass size distribution of conditions.

In effect, we observe a complete similarity granules whatever the liquid to solid ratio is. Thus, in order to The influence of the impeller speed , and lighten this presentation, we only describe the granule rpm on the size distribution of granules was investigated characteristics for a single operating time.

Other results Fig. As observed above, low-shear granulation are similar. The granulation parameters selected are given rpm leads to more fine particles and a wider size distribu- in Table 4. This can be explained by the fact that the binder liquid Fig. In addition, the presence of fine granules can be Pulverisation Impeller Powder Operating Liquid Chopper noted at rpm, which are absent at rpm. The breakage of fine granules can be explained by an , , 19 In order to calculate the impact pressure, the acceleration a of the fine granule on impact can be estimated as: is not well dispersed on the powder bed.

The porosity becomes lower after intense mechanical In this, m is the mass, g the acceleration due to gravity, N the action. It can be seen that the higher the shear, the less speed of rotation of the impeller, D the diameter of the bowl porous are the granules. This result clearly reveals the and Nc the critical impeller speed. The powder bed moves in mechanism of densification. The lower is the impeller a chaotic, fluidised manner, and droplets of binder will fall speed, the less the granules are stressed, and the less onto a cloud of powder particles.

The mass a given binding liquid results in the formation of granules of median diameter is approximately the same d c 1. The results described above lead us to expect this behaviour. Moreover, granules obtained by a high agitation are more homogeneous which is in accordance with the results on porosity. This result is very important for future compaction tests. A further important remark is that it is not the least porous granules which have the lowest friability.

This is probably due to growth mechanisms, which are different, depending on granule size. Influence of shear on binder content In the literature [16], mechanical properties friability and hardness are often related to the binder to solid ratio. The Fig. Shear effect on intragranular porosity of granule size fractions, more binder used, the harder are the granules. Here, we determine the binder to solid ratio per size fraction of on operating conditions.

It is found that granules with a granules by thermogravimetry as described in earlier work given porosity can be obtained by changing impeller speed. We observe that the powder — binder pair. Furthermore, whatever the impeller composition of granules is heterogeneous in the case of the speed, the granule properties depend on their size class.

In addition, and in particular at rpm, the friability 3. Influence of shear on friability Fig. For Fig. This indicates that, on one versus granule diameter as a function of impeller speed. Comments and discussion content. In the first case, we obtained a large size distribu- tion and it was found very difficult to control granule size It has been shown that the granules produced at and since the characteristics of granules depend a lot on rpm are sub-optimal, i.

The granules obtained in the pan granulator are porosity and friability and great variation in the binder less homogeneous. This can be explained, firstly, by the existence of Granules obtained in a high-shear granulator were found a critical speed Nc see Section 3. Therefore, they are more friable, main growth regimes have been identified [17]: steady and the binding agent is less well dispersed due to the stress growth and induction type behaviour.

Steady growth on granules. The lower the speed of agitation, the less the occurs when the deformability is high. The granules have granules are stressed. This results in a steady increase obtain granules with given characteristics by changing the of the granule size. Induction type behaviour is observed mechanical energy brought to the granulation system.

High- in low-deformability systems. It is concluded that increas- shear granulation is easier to control, whereas in pan ing the pore saturation, by increasing the binder content, granulator, granule characteristics cannot be varied much decreases the induction time. Comparison with low-shear granulation pan gran- ulator 4. In this case of understanding of the effect of the impeller speed on granule low energy mixing, the binder may not be homogeneously properties in a high-shear granulator.

The results of our distributed over the granules. In a pan granulator, hetero- study on wet granulation of a fine powder show the great geneity is a result of different methods of binder addition. Results: The results of all evaluation parameters of nutraceutical tablet were within the acceptable limit. Pre-compression studies of nutraceutical tablet show satisfactory results. The thickness, hardness, weight variation, and friability of nutraceutical tablet were found to in acceptable range.

The in-vitro drug release of eugenol from optimised nutraceutical formulation was found to be Significant results were obtained from present study. Discussion: The finding of current investigation clearly found that the health promotion of the body could be done by nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals in the market contains both traditional foods and non-traditional.

When a supplement tablet is ingested, the body must digest and absorb the nutrients. Nutraceutical may include a whole area of products like isolated nutrients, dietary supplements, herbal products and other processed foods.

It works in to two ways that is to minimize diseases sign or to improve body performance. The cloves on drying become perfectly crimson or brownish-black in colour. Clove is used as a dental analgesic, carminative, stimulant, flavouring agent an aromatic and antiseptic. Cinnamon consist of dried inner bark of shoots of coppiced trees of Cinnamon zeylancium Nees.

Bark isused as carminative, stomachic and mild astringent. It is also used as an antispasmodic. The major diseases for prevention and or treatment of which, nutraceuticals have been associated are heart diseases, cancer, hypertension and diabetes.

Materials Clove, cinnamon were received from local market. All ingredients used were of analytical grade. Method Nutraceutical tablets containing clove and cinnamon were prepared by wet granulation method. Other ingredients like lactose was used as diluent, magnesium stearate as lubricant and talc as glidant and gum acacia as binding agent.

All the excipients along with API weighed as shown in Table 1 and passed through sieve no. Then, all ingredients were mixed following geometric mixing excluding glidant and lubricant thoroughly for 15min.

They are native to the Maluku Islands or Moluccas in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. The flower buds initially have a pale hue, gradually turn green, then transition to a bright red when ready for harvest. Cloves are harvested at 1. Uses[ Fig 5: dried clove 1 Clove Tree Flowerbuds Cloves are used in the cuisine of Asian, African, Mediterranean, and the Near and Middle East countries, lending flavor to meats, curries, and marinades, as well as fruit such as apples, pears, and rhubarb.

Cloves may be used to give aromatic and flavor qualities to hot beverages, often combined with other ingredients such as lemon and sugar. They are a common element in spice blends, including pumpkin pie spice and speculoos spices. In Mexican cuisine, cloves are best known as clavos de olor, and often accompany cumin and cinnamon.

A major component of clove taste is imparted by the chemical eugenol,[5] and the quantity of the spice required is typically small. It pairs well with cinnamon, allspice, vanilla, red wine, basil, onion, citrus peel, star anise, and peppercorns.

Non-culinary The spice is used in a type of cigarette called kretek in Indonesia. Since , clove cigarettes have been classified as cigars in the US. When given as a gift in Victorian England, such a pomander indicated warmth of feeling. Fig 6: drying of clove in sunlight 1 Potential Medicinal Uses And Adverse Effects Long-used in traditional medicine, there is evidence that clove oil containing eugenol is effective for toothache pain and other types of pain,[8][9] and one review reported efficacy of eugenol combined with zinc oxide as an analgesic for alveolar osteitis.

Externally, they are brownish, rough, and irregularly wrinkled longitudinally with short fracture and dry, woody texture. Mother cloves anthophylli are the ripe fruits of cloves that are ovoid, brown berries, unilocular and one-seeded. Blown cloves are expanded flowers from which both corollae and stamens have been detached.

Exhausted cloves have most or all the oil removed by distillation. They yield no oil and are darker in color. History Evidence of cloves has been found at Terqa, Syria dating to BCE but these have since largely been discredited as misidentifications. Cloves reached the Roman world by the first century AD, where they were described by Pliny the Elder. By AD, cloves had reached Egypt.

The first clearly dated archeological find of a clove is substantially later than the written evidence, with two examples found at a trading port in Sri Lanka, dated to around AD Cloves were traded by Omani sailors and merchants trading goods from India to the mainland and Africa during the Middle Ages in the profitable Indian Ocean trade.

However, "unlike nutmeg and mace, which were limited to the minute Bandas, clove trees grew all over the Moluccas, and the trade in cloves was beyond the limited policing powers of the corporation D. To achieve cohesion between the powders, it is necessary to include adhesive substances called binders or granulating agents within the formulation.

It is a common practice to make use of a granulation solution since it is more effective in comparison with the same quantum of the dry powder binder. Powder mixing, in conjunction with the cohesive properties of the binder, enables the formation of granules which when duly compressed using tablet press forms tablets with the desired properties.

Reasons for Granulation There are several reasons for converting powders or blends of powders into granules and they include: 1 To enhance the flow properties of powder mix. Ideal Characteristics of Granules For a successful manufacture of tablets, the granules must possess the following characteristics: 1 All formulation ingredients should be uniformly distributed in the granules.

Manufacture Of Tablets By Wet Granulation Method Wet granulation method is a process of size enlargement in which fine powder particles are agglomerated or brought together into larger, strong and relatively permanent structure called granules using a suitable non-toxic granulating fluid such as water, isopropanol or ethanol or mixtures thereof.

The granulating fluid can be used alone or as a solvent containing binder or granulating agent. The choice of the granulating fluid depends greatly on the properties of the materials to be granulated. Powder mixing, in conjunction with the cohesive properties of the granulating agent, enables the formation of granules.

The characteristics and performance of the final product, greatly depends on the extent to which the powder particles interact with each other to form aggregates granules.